Python中xml、字典、EasyDict、json格式相互转换(包含json格式化和xml格式化)

依赖包

• json
• xmltodict

xml转字典

import xmltodict

xmlstr ="""     
<student>
  <stid>10213</stid>
  <info>
    <name>name</name>
    <sex>male</sex>
  </info>
  <course>
    <name>math</name>
    <score>90</score>
  </course>
</student>
"""

#parse是的xml解析器
dict_ = xmltodict.parse(xmlstr)

print(dict_)

OrderedDict([('student', OrderedDict([('stid', '10213'), ('info', OrderedDict([('name', 'name'), ('sex', 'male')])), ('course', OrderedDict([('name', 'math'), ('score', '90')]))]))])

字典转EasyDict

import xmltodict

xmlstr ="""     
<student>
  <stid>10213</stid>
  <info>
    <name>name</name>
    <sex>male</sex>
  </info>
  <course>
    <name>math</name>
    <score>90</score>
  </course>
</student>
"""

#parse是的xml解析器
dict_ = xmltodict.parse(xmlstr)

#转EasyDict
from easydict import EasyDict
dict_ = EasyDict(dict_)

print(dict_)

{'student': {'stid': '10213', 'info': {'name': 'name', 'sex': 'male'}, 'course': {'name': 'math', 'score': '90'}}}

字典转json

最简版

import json

dict_ = {
  'name': 'Jack', 
  'age': 22, 
  'skills': ['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'Matlab'], 
  'major': '计算机技术',
  'english': '英语六级',
  'school': 'WIT'
}

#json库dumps()是将dict转化成json格式，loads()是将json转化成dict格式。
#dumps()方法的ident=1，格式化json
jsonstr = json.dumps(dict_)

print(jsonstr)

{"name": "Jack", "age": 22, "skills": ["Python", "Java", "C++", "Matlab"], "major": "\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f", "english": "\u82f1\u8bed\u516d\u7ea7", "school": "WIT"}

很明显中文字符被转化了，于是使用：ensure_ascii=False

import json

dict_ = {
  'name': 'Jack', 
  'age': 22, 
  'skills': ['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'Matlab'], 
  'major': '计算机技术',
  'english': '英语六级',
  'school': 'WIT'
}

#json库dumps()是将dict转化成json格式，loads()是将json转化成dict格式。
#dumps()方法的ident=1，格式化json
jsonstr = json.dumps(dict_,ensure_ascii=False)

print(jsonstr)

{"name": "Jack", "age": 22, "skills": ["Python", "Java", "C++", "Matlab"], "major": "计算机技术", "english": "英语六级", "school": "WIT"}

加入行缩进

import json

dict_ = {
  'name': 'Jack', 
  'age': 22, 
  'skills': ['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'Matlab'], 
  'major': '计算机技术',
  'english': '英语六级',
  'school': 'WIT'
}

#json库dumps()是将dict转化成json格式，loads()是将json转化成dict格式。
#dumps()方法的ident=1，格式化json
jsonstr = json.dumps(dict_,indent=2) #indent=2 表示行缩进=2

print(jsonstr)

{
  "name": "Jack",
  "age": 22,
  "skills": [
    "Python",
    "Java",
    "C++",
    "Matlab"
  ],
  "major": "\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f",
  "english": "\u82f1\u8bed\u516d\u7ea7",
  "school": "WIT"
}

很明显中文字符被转化了，于是使用：ensure_ascii=False

import json

dict_ = {
  'name': 'Jack', 
  'age': 22, 
  'skills': ['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'Matlab'], 
  'major': '计算机技术',
  'english': '英语六级',
  'school': 'WIT'
}

#json库dumps()是将dict转化成json格式，loads()是将json转化成dict格式。
#dumps()方法的ident=1，格式化json
jsonstr = json.dumps(dict_,indent=2,ensure_ascii=False) #indent=2 表示行缩进=2

print(jsonstr)

{
  "name": "Jack",
  "age": 22,
  "skills": [
    "Python",
    "Java",
    "C++",
    "Matlab"
  ],
  "major": "计算机技术",
  "english": "英语六级",
  "school": "WIT"
}

json转字典

json.loads(json串)，将json字符串转化成字典

import json

jsonstr = """
{
  "name": "Jack",
  "age": 22,
  "skills": [
    "Python",
    "Java",
    "C++",
    "Matlab"
  ],
  "major": "计算机技术",
  "english": "英语六级",
  "school": "WIT"
}
"""

dict_ = json.loads(jsonstr)

print(dict_)

{'name': 'Jack', 'age': 22, 'skills': ['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'Matlab'], 'major': '计算机技术', 'english': '英语六级', 'school': 'WIT'}

字典转xml

import xmltodict

dict_ = {'student': {'course': {'name': 'math', 'score': '90'},
        'info': {'sex': 'male', 'name': 'name'}, 'stid': '10213'}}

xmlstr = xmltodict.unparse(dict_)

print(xmlstr)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<student><course><name>math</name><score>90</score></course><info><sex>male</sex><name>name</name></info><stid>10213</stid></student>

XML格式化(美化)

import xmltodict

dict_ = {'student': {'course': {'name': 'math', 'score': '90'},
        'info': {'sex': 'male', 'name': 'name'}, 'stid': '10213'}}

xmlstr = xmltodict.unparse(dict_)

from xml.dom import minidom
xml = minidom.parseString(xmlstr)
xml_pretty_str = xml.toprettyxml()
print(xml_pretty_str)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<student>
    <course>
        <name>math</name>
        <score>90</score>
    </course>
    <info>
        <sex>male</sex>
        <name>name</name>
    </info>
    <stid>10213</stid>
</student>

参考资料

1. Python中xml和json格式相互转换操作示例：https://www.jb51.net/article/152118.htm
2. Python json读写方式和字典相互转化:https://www.jb51.net/article/184983.htm
3. Python如何优雅的格式化XML 【Python XML Format】: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41958123/article/details/105357692